Laws of Logarithms

The following list of important logarithm laws should be memorized. Let $a>0$ and $a \neq 1$. Suppose that $p > 0$, $q > 0$ and $k$ are real numbers. We have the following logarithmic laws:
  1. The logarithmic product law: $\log_{a}(pq) = \log_{a}(p)+\log_{a}(q)$
  2. The logarithmic quotient law: $\displaystyle \log_{a}\left(\frac{p}{q}\right) = \log_{a}(p) - \log_{a}(q)$
  3. The logarithmic power law: $\log_{a}(p^{k}) = k \log_{a}(p)$.
If you are taking calculus, these laws will be discussed in greater detail in this class.

Multiplication law of logs.

Division law of logs.

Power law of logs.

Combining log laws.

Problem Set 4.2

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